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Florence Bus Tips

The logo of Autolinee Toscana, which is the bus company that runs all local (Florentine) and regional (Tuscany) buses

I just stumbled across what at first appeared to be a very useful web page called "Destination Tuscany" from AUTOLINEE TOSCANE S.p.A. Unfortunately, most of the links on the page are broken or link to out of date information. Below are some tips with links to the actual information and other pertinent edits:

Arrivals & Departures

To reach Florence from Peretola Airport, use the T2 tram line - all the info is here
To reach Pisa from G. Galilei Airport, use Bus Line 3+ of the Pisa urban service
To travel between Siena and Florence, use suburban line 131 or the 131R express line
To reach the historic centre of Siena from the FS station, use Bus Line 0S3 of the Siena urban service

Tickets & Fares

Autolinee Toscane has an iPhone/Android app - "at bus" - for route search and ticket purchase. It currently sits around 3.6/5 on the App Store, and user reviews consistently flag a clunky account-creation step and a confusing checkout flow, especially frustrating if you're just trying to buy one ticket quickly at a bus stop. Worth setting up in advance rather than trying to figure it out on the fly.
There is also "tip tap" which is supposed to be rolled out across Tuscany now. This option allows you to tap your credit/debit cards (with chips), smartphones, and enabled wearables to buy on board (but - if you need tickets for more than you [or one person] you will need to use the aforementioned app). Mastercard, Visa and American Express cards are accepted (kind of amazing that Amex is accepted - it is usually shunned in Italy).

Bus Travel Tips

You must have a ticket and it must be validated at the beginning of each trip.
You can carry one piece of luggage for free, up to 105 cm (41 inches) total - measured as the sum of length, width, and depth, not any single dimension - and up to 10 kg (22 lbs). It can't occupy a seat or block the doors.
Children under one meter (about 39 inches) in height travel free if accompanied by an adult; if you have more than one child under that height, only the first travels free.
Pets can travel on a leash and muzzle (guide dogs excepted) at no charge, or in a carrier no larger than 140 cm total, which also travels free as long as it doesn't take up a seat.

If you have any tips of your own, or can share an experience related to bus travel in Florence, leave a comment below!